Spearhead · Late Archaic

Old Copper socketed point

4000–1000 BCE, Old Copper

The Old Copper socketed point is a hammered native-copper spearhead of the Late Archaic western Great Lakes, about 4,000 to 1,000 BCE, made by folding the base into a conical socket. Rat-tail tanged points are the alternative hafting form. It is the type object of the Old Copper Complex.

ObjectSpearhead
Dates4000–1000 BCE
PeriodLate Archaic
CulturesOld Copper
RegionsNorth America — Eastern Woodlands

Diagnostic traits

Hammered native copper spear point with a folded conical socket; rat-tail tanged variants also occur.

Identification

The socket is formed by folding hammered sheet into a cone, leaving a seam, unlike cast sockets; rat-tail points have a drawn tang instead. Blades are lenticular and hammer-facetted. Genuine copper shows a dark, layered patina and often native silver inclusions.

Reproductions and fakes

Reproductions hammered from modern copper stock are common and have been made for a century; they have uniform sheet thickness, a fumed chemical patina and no silver. Trace-element analysis can separate Lake Superior copper from refined stock.

Cite this article

Stratum Study. "Old Copper socketed point" (Artifact type). Stratum Study pack 2026.09, as of 2026-09-21. https://stratum.black/study/types/old-copper-socketed-point. Accessed 2026-09-21.

@misc{stratum-old-copper-socketed-point,
  title        = {Old Copper socketed point},
  author       = {{Stratum Study}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://stratum.black/study/types/old-copper-socketed-point}},
  year         = {2026},
  note         = {Artifact type article, Stratum Study pack 2026.09, as of 2026-09-21; sources: stratum. Accessed 2026-09-21.}
}

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Sources for this article: Stratum editorial (Stratum editorial). As of 2026-09-21; Study pack 2026.09. Data reproduced under the licences shown; text in Stratum's own words unless a section names its source.

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