Oued Zem and Khouribga — Khouribga Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco
Khouribga Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco Raymond Lavagne / Agence Rol, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain (US)

Locality · State phosphate mines (OCP); informal digging; dealer sales

Oued Zem and Khouribga

Khouribga Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco

Oued Zem, beside the giant OCP phosphate mines of Khouribga, is the source town for the world's mosasaur teeth, Otodus shark teeth, Enchodus jaws and Cretaceous–Eocene marine reptile bone. The mines are closed, so material is bought from town dealers who acquire it from diggers working the spoil and open pits. Composite mosasaur jaws are assembled here; single teeth and honest prepared jaw sections are also sold, and a buyer should ask which is which.

CountryMorocco
State / provinceBéni Mellal-Khénifra
CountyKhouribga Province
Land manager / statusOffice Chérifien des Phosphates (state); informal diggers
AccessMines are closed to visitors; buy from Oued Zem dealers and Erfoud/Tucson wholesalers
FormationsOulad Abdoun Basin phosphates
What is foundMosasaurus, Prognathodon, Globidens, Otodus obliquus, Squalicorax, Enchodus, Zarafasaura, turtles, crocodiles
Coordinates (public site)32.86, -6.57

Rules

Fossils from the phosphate mines reach the market through local diggers and Oued Zem dealers; export follows the same dealer-invoice route as other Moroccan fossils. Museums increasingly refuse undocumented Khouribga skulls and skeletons, and composite jaws are the ethical problem. Record the bed (couche) if known.

Source: https://www.aaps.net/ethics.htm (checked 2026-09-16).

Elsewhere

Cite this article

Stratum Study. "Oued Zem and Khouribga" (Locality). Stratum Study pack 2026.09, as of 2026-09-19. https://stratum.black/study/localities/oued-zem-and-khouribga. Accessed 2026-09-20.

@misc{stratum-oued-zem-and-khouribga,
  title        = {Oued Zem and Khouribga},
  author       = {{Stratum Study}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://stratum.black/study/localities/oued-zem-and-khouribga}},
  year         = {2026},
  note         = {Locality article, Stratum Study pack 2026.09, as of 2026-09-19; sources: stratum, commons. Accessed 2026-09-20.}
}

Citations carry the pack version and the article's as-of date so they resolve to the same text later. The facts themselves belong to the sources listed below; cite those for the science.

Sources for this article: Stratum editorial (Stratum editorial);Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-4.0). As of 2026-09-19; Study pack 2026.09. Data reproduced under the licences shown; text in Stratum's own words unless a section names its source.

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